Archipelago
An archipelago is a group or chain of islands clustered together in a sea or
ocean.
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Atoll
An atoll is a ring (or partial ring) of coral that forms an island in an ocean
or sea.
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Bay
A bay is a body of water that is partly enclosed by land (and is usually smaller
than a gulf).
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Butte
A butte is a flat-topped rock or hill formation with steep sides.
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Canyon
A canyon is a deep valley with very steep sides - often carved from the Earth
by a river.
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Cape
A cape is a pointed piece of land that sticks out into a sea, ocean, lake,
or river.
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Cave
A cave is a large hole in the ground or in the side of a hill or mountain.
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Channel
A channel is a body of water that connects two larger bodies of water (like
the English Channel). A channel is also a part of a river or harbor that
is deep enough to let ships sail through.
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Cliff
A cliff is a steep face of rock and soil.
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Geomorphology
Geomorphology is the scientific field that investigates how landforms are formed
on the Earth (and other planets).
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Geyser
A geyser is a natural hot spring that occasionally sprays water and steam above
the ground.
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Glacier
A glacier is a slowly moving river of ice.
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Gulf
A gulf is a part of the ocean (or sea) that is partly surrounded by land (it
is usually larger than a bay).
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Hill
A hill is a raised area or mound of land.
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Island
An island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water.
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Isthmus
An isthmus is a narrow strip of land connecting two larger landmasses. An isthmus
has water on two sides.
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Lagoon
A lagoon is a shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast.
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Lake
A lake is a large body of water surrounded by land on all sides. Really huge
lakes are often called seas.
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Latitude
Latitude is the angular distance north or south from the equator to a particular
location. The equator has a latitude of zero degrees. The North Pole has
a latitude of 90 degrees North; the South Pole has a latitude of 90 degrees
South.
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Longitude
Longitude is the angular distance east or west from the north-south line that
passes through Greenwich, England, to a particular location. Greenwich, England
has a longitude of zero degrees. The farther east or west of Greenwich you
are, the greater your longitude. Midway Islands (in the Pacific Ocean) have
a longitude of 180 degrees (they are on the opposite side of the globe from
Greenwich).
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Marsh
A marsh is a type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland that is
found along rivers, pond, lakes and coasts. Marsh plants grow up out of the
water.
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Mesa
A mesa is a land formation with a flat area on top and steep walls - usually
occurring in dry areas.
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Mountain
A mountain is a very tall high, natural place on Earth - higher than a hill.
The tallest mountain on Earth is Mt. Everest.
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Ocean
An ocean is a large body of salt water that surrounds a continent. Oceans cover
more the two-thirds of the Earth's surface
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Peninsula
A peninsula is a body of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.
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Plain
Plains are flat lands that have only small changes in elevation.
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Plateau
A plateau is a large, flat area of land that is higher than the surrounding
land.
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Pond
A pond is a small body of water surrounded by land. A pond is smaller than
a lake.
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Prairie
A prairie is a wide, relatively flat area of land that has grasses and only
a few trees.
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River
A river is a large, flowing body of water that usually empties into a sea or
ocean.
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Sea
A sea is a large body of salty water that is often connected to an ocean. A
sea may be partly or completely surrounded by land.
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Sound
A sound is a wide inlet of the sea or ocean that is parallel to the coastline;
it often separates a coastline from a nearby island.
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Source
A source is the beginning of a river.
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Strait
A strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
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Swamp
A swamp is a type of freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot
of water. Many trees and shrubs grow in swamps.
A strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
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Tributary
A tributary is a stream or river that flows into a larger river.
A strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
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Tundra
A tundra is a cold, treeless area; it is the coldest biome.
A strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
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Valley
A valley is a low place between
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Volcano
A volcano is a mountainous vent in the Earth's crust. When a volcano erupts,
it spews out lava, ashes, and hot gases from deep inside the Earth.
A strait is a narrow body of water that connects two larger bodies of water.
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Waterfall
When a river falls off steeply, there is a stream of water falling down that
makes the waterfall.
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Wetland
A wetland is an area of land that is often wet; the soil in wetlands are often
low in oxygen. Wetland plants are adapted to life in wet soil. There are
many types of wetlands, including: swamp, slough, fen, bog, marsh, moor,
muskeg, peatland, bottomland, delmarva, mire, wet meadow, riparian, etc.
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